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Analyser Web
Analysers General
Analyser Housings and Rooms - Coming Soon
8.09
A
new application guide entitled Liquid
Analysis for Metals Extraction and Processing is available from our
sponsor Emerson
Process Management. The guide outlines liquid analytical solutions for
leaching and ore extraction, concentration and separation, finished product
purification and waste disposal as well as approaches to network management for
metals processing plants. The new guide literally walks the user through the
major extraction and processing methodologies and techniques such as cyanide
extraction, flotation, phase difference, steel treatment and much more.
Control Global have an excellent Process
Analyser Systems page which provide an excellent Guide to several Process
Analyzer Technology (PAT) System reference articles.
These include;
- Process Analyzer Resources
- When is it Time to Retire your PAT System?
- PAT System Reliability
- What keeps Process Analyzer Engineers up at Night?
- Process Analyzer Reliability, Maintenance & Service
- Process Analyzer System Safety and Ergonomics Part II
- Process Analyzer System Safety and Ergonomics Part I
- More About Cost Estimating Process Analyzer Projects
- Cost Estimating for Process Analyzer Projects
- Project Roadmaps Get You There
- Accurately Scoping Process Analyzer Projects
- How to Launch an Analyzer System Lifecycle Reliability Program
BTX and Total Aromatics
6.10
BTX
and Total Aromatics by UV Absorbance - Manufacturers are required to
verify that household solvents do not contain aromatics above the hazardous
carcinogenic levels. Hydrogenation processes in which an aromatic compound
reacts with hydrogen over a metal catalyst are commonly used to purify solvents
of trace amounts of aromatics. To maximize product yield, several parameters are
optimized based on instantaneous indication of the total aromatics, a
measurement that is also essential for verification of product purity - from
Applied Analytics Inc.
Calibration
Gases
7.10
Ensuring
an Accurate Result in an Analytical Instrumentation System - Doug
Nordstrom and Tony Waters - In many analytical instrumentation systems, the
analyser does not provide an absolute measurement. Rather, it provides a
relative response based on settings established during calibration, which is a
critical process subject to significant error. To calibrate an analyser, a
calibration fluid of known contents and quantities is passed through the
analyser, producing measurements of component concentration. If these
measurements are not consistent with the known quantities in the calibration
fluid, the analyser is adjusted accordingly. Later, when process samples are
analysed, the accuracy of the analyser’s reading will depend on the accuracy
of the calibration process. It is therefore, imperative, that we understand how
error or contamination can be introduced through calibration; when calibration
can — and cannot — address a perceived performance issue with the analyser;
how atmospheric pressure or temperature fluctuations can undo the work of
calibration; and when and when not to calibrate - thanks to Swagelok and www.pacetoday.com.au
Thanks to Calibration
Standard Gases Are Key to Reliable Measurements
-Ronald C Geib
Gas
Data Book
Effects
of Toxic Exposure to Gases
Safe
Handling of Compressed Gases
Conversion
Tables
Materials
Compatibility Guide
Threshold
Limit Values
Lower
and Upper Explosive Limits
Glossary
of Terms
Specialty
Gases and Equipment
Semiconductor Gases and Equipment
Purification
Microcontamination
and Live Gas Testing
Trace
Analysis
Chromatograph
HOKE Gyrolok®
Chromatography Fittings - HOKE Gyrolok® tube fittings
for use in gas or liquid chromatography applications and feature low dead
volumes, male nut designs, as well as configurations utilising either press-fit
or drop-in frits
50
years: Online Gas Chromatograph - Stephen M Bostic & Dr Jerry M
Clemons - The most prolific and flexible online analytical measurement device
for analysing discrete hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI)
is the process gas chromatograph (GC). It is estimated that there are more than
30,000 process gas chromatographs installed worldwide- This article takes a look
at the past, present and a glimpse of the future of the online process gas
chromatograph. Thanks to ABB and PACE.
Continuous Emission Monitoring
Continuous Emission Monitoring
- In today's industrial world pollution, global warming and the need to
protect the environment analysis of emissions is a critical tool. ICEwebs
dedicated page on this subject contains links and technical information.
Density - Coming Soon
Gas Analysis - Coming Soon
Oxygen Analysis
Oxygen
- ICEweb's dedicated page of technical information.
PH Analysis
PH Measurement
- ICEweb's comprehensive PH page which is full of technical information on this
subject.
Humidity Measurement
Humidity
Measurement -ICEweb's Humidity page is a great resource for a swag of
information.
Oil in Water Analysis
Oil
in Water Analysers
Sample Systems
Sample
Systems - A representative sample is critical to achieve a correct
analysis result. ICEweb's Sample Systems page has a wealth of information to
help achieve this.
Specific Gravity
Determination
of Specific Gravity of Gases: Fundamentals and Instruments - Faruk Civan -
Specific gravity is one of the basic properties used for characterisation and
measurement of gases. Instruments used for determining specific gravity are
called gravitometers. There are also methods by which specific gravity can be
determined indirectly. Accurate determination of specific gravity is essential
for accurate measurement of gas flow rate - from CEESI
Spectrophotometer
6.10 The following application
sheets and technical papers are from Applied Analytics Inc.
Incoming
Materials Validation by UV/VIS/SWNIR Absorbance; An On-line Recognition Method
- Yoav Barshad and Yael S. Barshad - In the fine chemicals and the
pharmaceutical industry, validating the contents of incoming materials is
critical. To maintain high efficiency it is beneficial to utilize continuous
online techniques. Since many of the incoming chemicals show unique UV/VIS or
NIR absorbance spectra, it was the analytical technique of preference. In order
to handle a variety of incoming substances a recognition method to differentiate
between the “correct” substance and all other possible streams was
developed. The recognition method uses a pattern recognition algorithm to give
the similarity/differences between two spectra in terms of a single number. An
example of such an application will be described. A diode array process UV/VIS/SWNIR
(short wave near infrared) spectrophotometer was employed to differentiate
between a stream of mixed xylenes and other process streams. It was shown that
there are significant variations in spectral features between the xylenes and
the other samples. A recognition factor was defined and used to demonstrate the
effectiveness of the method. A user defined threshold value for the recognition
factor was used for a continuous and automatic identification of the process
stream.
Diode
Array Process Analyser for Sulphur - Aaron J Rollo - this paper reviews the
utilisation of spectroscopy with diode arrays, a time tested, industry accepted
technology for sulphur recovery applications. One analyser with different
sampling systems can be used for a variety of applications. Common applications
include Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Tail Gas, Natural Gas and Mercaptans.
Clean
in Place-Monitoring Trace Impurities in a Reaction Chamber - Validation of
cleaning procedures are of utmost importance to the pharmaceutical, food, and
specialty chemicals industries. The following application is an example of how
an industrial spectrophotometer could be applied to the development, validation,
and control of a Clean In Place (CIP) process - from A
Spectrum
Analysis of a Tail gas Stream - This application sheet details how the
analyser measures a complete spectrum of the process and analyse the data via a
calibration method to give very accurate and reliable concentration readings. In
addition Standard gases can be introduced at any time to test the accuracy and
reproducibility of the analyser. In the continuous operation the complete
spectrum is display, this allows the operator to check the system and the
validity of the actual reading - As oppose to filter based units where the
operator has no access to the actual detection only to the final numbers. The
tail gas stream , depending on the source, contain various amounts of sulphur.
The measurements are being performed in situ while the sulphur is reduced
significantly by this ‘cold-finger’ probe, no coating or plugging usually
associated with sulphur streams are seen - from Applied Analytics Inc.
Purity
Levels by a UV Transmittance Method (MEG and Acetonitrile) - This application
sheet details analysis of purity levels for Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) which is
a raw material in fibre production. The quality of the fibres is highly
dependent on the MEG purity level. Currently most MEG manufacturers use off-line
methods for MEG quality control, where a sample is withdrawn from the process
stream for laboratory analysis several times a day. The same measurement can be
performed online utilising an industrial spectrophotometer.
More Applications for Spectrophotometers can be found here.
Viscosity- Coming Soon
Useful Books
Analytical
Instrumentation - Robert E. Sherman - In this book
on process analytical technology, you will find theory and a lot of real-world,
hands-on practical knowledge from authors who have more than 20 years of
experience, either applying analyzers in process plants, or for process
manufacturers. This volume chronicles over 50 years of process analyzer
development, from its origins in the research laboratory at Ludwigshafen in the
late 1930’s to a dynamic worldwide technology in the early 1990’s. Included
are drawings of sample systems that work, and comments on ones that don’t
work. In addition, justifications and organization guidelines on process
analyzer systems are represented.
