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Control Systems
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Open,
interoperable and scalable fully integrate solutions with the Smar System
302 DCS Platform incorporating the highest level of functional safety
integrity in a safety and process control system solution meeting the
separation requirements and intent of AS61511. Go to HIMA
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The following links are compliments of our valued sponsor HIMA Australia - Please support our sponsors, without them ICEweb could not exist.
Smar
System 302 and Redundancy - A technical information sheet which
highlights redundancy options in a Foundation Fieldbus system
Smar System 302 Application References - A multitude of applications
across a broad range of industries.
Understanding
Interoperability -Interoperability has one important meaning:
"Capability of devices of different manufacturers to communicate and work
together". To achieve interoperability several issues must be analysed,
these are discussed in this technical note.
Evaluating
A Foundation Fieldbus System - 20 questions and answers -These questions and answers were compiled based on Smar's
Foundation
Fieldbus Frequently Asked Questions - A useful starting point to answer
some Foundation Fieldbus questions
The
Future for Process Control System Technology -
Geoff Munday - This article discusses the potential for open integrated control
and safety solutions
A
Nuclear Perspective on Foundation Fieldbus Application
- This presentation covers the selection and reasons behind this
Foundation Fieldbus solution in the Duke Energy plant - Michael
H. Miller
Useful links from our other sponsors
Terminology
and Symbols in Control Engineering - from our sponsor Samson
Controls
Controllers
and Controlled Systems- A fantastic 60 page document from our sponsor
Samson
Controls
Improving Refinery Performance:Process and Control Information from Step Testing
-Thanks to Tim Olsen, Jim Dunbar and our sponsor Emerson
Process Management- Step testing is typically only used during advanced
control implementation to understand the effects of one
process variable on other process variables. This paper demonstrates how step
testing helped improve process control and process performance around a crude
desalter, hydrocracker hydrogen quench, and gasoline blender.
Other
Links
Glossary
of Process Control Terms - Looking for a Control
Term? You are likely to find it here - John Gerry, P.E., ExperTune Inc.
Basics
and Fundamentals related to Process Automation and Control
Process Instrumentation - Control Systems -
Fieldbus - Advanced Control - and more topics-Thanks to PAControl.com
Dynamic
System Modeling and Control- This exceptional 998 page
resource book is just full of technical information from Hugh Jack and Grand
Valley State University. It is a large download at 5.5Mb but worth the wait!
A huge range of control related articles
can be found at Modelling and Control under the headings of;
General
Basic
Control Theory - Control theory is discussed from
fundamental proportional action to PID control. The dynamic of the simple
control loop is discussed, alongside practical issues of choosing the best
system for the application, and installation and commissioning issues. From
spiraxsarco
Control
Applications - A brief summary of, and advice
on, temperature, pressure, flow and level control methods to suit various
types of steam applications, with consideration to surplussing control,
differential pressure control, and cascade control and installation thereof.
From spiraxsarco
ExperTune
Library - The ExperTune library contains articles,
papers, and video presentations to help you improve your plant's performance.
Loads of control related articles here
Hybrid
control identity crisis - What is in a name? - Differences
between the PLC and DCS architectures, functions, and environments have
diminished during the last decade and a half and only recently are PCs meeting
the need for rugged specifications and high-level support.Hybrid control
provides multi-domain functionality—logic, motion, drives and process -
Samuel Herb and ISA InTech
What
cost migration? - Here is an easy return-on-investment
tool for evaluating the price to upgrade a control system - Knowing when
to wait is just as important as knowing when to upgrade. One needs to clearly
define the costs, risks, and benefits you can expect during the migration
process. This graphical method makes the comparison of migration solutions
clear. From Christopher A. DaCosta / Ken Keiser and ISA InTech
Control
Engineering Virtual Library - This comprehensive
resource from the University of Cambridge gives links to Control Groups Around
the World, Professional Societies, Control Related Journals, Control
Information and other Miscellaneous information.
Fieldbus - A link to ICEweb's comprehensive Fieldbus page
Alarm Management
Emerson
Strategies for Abnormal Situation Avoidance & Alarm Management -
This ARC whitepaper highlights that The state of alarm management schemes in
today’s process plants is in crisis. Proliferation of alarms is out of
control, making it almost impossible for end users and operators to
distinguish between critical impending abnormal events and nuisance alarms.
Emerson realises the issues that users are facing regarding alarms and
abnormal situations and has recently unveiled a multi-tiered strategy to
address the issue.-Thanks to our sponsor Emerson
Process Management
The
Real Cause of Alarm Problems -Chris Wilson: Marketing
Manager, TiPS, Incorporated
Institutionalizing
Alarm Management Part 1 - Covers Alarm
Management history and introduction, Impact
on business, operations, health and safety, Prelude
to the alarm management lifecycle, Publications
& references.
AlarmManagement.com
- A community of people interested in process alarm management.
Share your thoughts and opinions, seek advice, read others' experiences. The
more you know and share, the better industry will be able to manage and
optimize alarms.
The following really good papers by Ian Nimmo are available
from mycontrolroom.com
- Alarm Overload -Ian Nimmo, discusses why most
Distributed Control Systems (DCS) have more standing alarms than necessary, and
how to resolve this problem. Find out how to rescue your plant from alarm
overload utilizing guidelines on personnel responsibility and benchmarking
system performance.
- Alarm Management & Graphics Projects is longer and more detailed version the Alarm Overload paper - Ian Nimmo - discusses the benefits of Alarm Management and Graphics Projects i.e., focusing on life-cycle characteristics and transitioning to maintaining good alarm management practices, and best practices design methodology on how to approach graphics development.
- It’s time to consider Human Factors in Alarm Management - Ian Nimmo discusses implementing procedures to consider human factors, not simply human error, in control room architecture and reducing the chance of incidents in plants.
- Abnormal Situational Awareness, the need for good Situation Awareness- Ian Nimmo -The paper discusses strategies to help operators maintain a high level of situational awareness i.e., an accurate perception of the current condition of the process and equipment, and accurate understanding of the meaning of key performance indicators
Batch Control
The
Safety Issues of Batch (and other) Controls
- Ian Nimmo and
mycontrolroom.com- This paper discusses a new approach to safety, breaking the
traditional barriers of people, organizations and culture and puts the control
engineer back in the driving seat for determining performance improvements,
optimizing control algorithms, people, and the way they interface with
technology.
The Following links come
from the WBF|
White
Paper for Beginners - Three pages that provide basics
of batch control and ISA S88. Charlotta Johnsson, Lund University, Sweden.
White
Paper for Engineers - Discusses briefly the aspects of
S88 of interest to engineers: the physical model, procedural model, equipment
logic and master recipe. Describes practical use of the standard. Bianca
Scholten, TWP Training, The Netherlands.
White
Paper for End Users - The standard defines three
things of importance to end users: a structure that can be applied to almost
any process; terminology to use to describe the process so that others can
understand what you want; and the general function of each of the modules that
make up the structure - Lynn Craig
The
Following excellent links are from ISA
and InTech.
Lather
up with Batch - Matthew Leys and Sean Cahill - Unilever
knew the success of its personal care consumer goods brands rested on the
quality performance of its health and beauty mixing plant and aerosols plant.
Economic growth paired with sound environmental management were just part of
the strategy. Yet a total process control system update would help guide them
to down the road to success. Also included in this article is a second article
- Return to flexible batch automation - The ISA88 standard is easy to
comprehend, but gaining in-depth understanding is a long process that takes
understanding process operation and software engineering. From the ISA and
InTech.
Getting
Quality down PAT - Baha Korkmaz,
Arnold Martin, and Cenk Undey - Companies that proactively approach the
new technological trends and invest in automation have a better chance of
success. Using the concepts behind process analytical technology (PAT) is one
effective tool to achieve this success, especially when incorporating batch
standards, such as ISA88. From the ISA and InTech.
Brewery
Taps Higher Control - Small brewer’s system allows
greater productivity, flexibility - John Mallett and Todd Stauffer - When
Bell’s Brewery decided to upgrade the temperature control system on its 45
fermentation tanks in mid-2006, they were just planning on expanding their
existing system of dedicated single-loop controllers for each of its tank
control points. Instead, after taking a look at their options and what
technology suited them best, Bell’s opted to take a quantum leap forward by
implementing a state-of-the-art process automation system for temperature
control of its tanks.
Cascade Control
Cascade
Control- Handle Processes that Challenge Regular PID Control -
Arthur Holland, Holland Technical Skills- A paper which explains how Cascade
Control can be used to cater for lags in Process Control.
Cascade
Control - The Basics - from learn control.com
Control Room Design
The following really good papers by Ian Nimmo are available
from mycontrolroom.com
-
Don’t be thrown for a loop - Ian Nimmo and John Moscatelli, describing
impacts on a console operator’s workload. This paper recommends the best
methodology and operating procedures for determining proper staffing levels
based on job complexity, loop count, process disturbances, and graphics.
- Designing a control building - discusses major aspects to designing a new control building i.e., building location, standards, selecting an architecture firm, building company, console layout and ergonomic considerations, people changes and management of change.
- Mandated Human Error Controls in USA-discusses
a new approach to safety breaking the traditional barriers of people,
organizations and culture, and puts control engineer back in the driving seat
for determining performance improvements, optimizing control algorithms, people,
and the way they interface with technology.
- Operator Consoles - Growing Old Together -discusses refurbishment projects and
best methodologies and standards for making the changes such as Study of
Management Systems, i.e., people and performance systems; Ergonomic Design of
Operating desks or Consoles; Human Computer Interface, Alarm Management, and
Design of Control Rooms.
- Putting a human face on the design of Control Rooms -discusses how technology has pushed Industrial processes to the limit, and why Companies should implement standards and best practices around factors such as human related incidents and Control Room Design.
- Designing Control Rooms for Humans - Ian Nimmo and John Moscatelli - discusses today’s work environment and how it has been revolutionized by PC’s and PC workstations.
Control System Forums
Control
System Forum moderated by Jamie Ross.
Fuzzy Logic - Looking to find more on Fuzzy Logic? Find it at ICEweb's Fuzzy Logic page.
Modbus - A link to some useful Modbus technical information.
What is Proportional, Integral and Derivative Control? - A Tutorial Overview (An excellent technical document from Expertune)
Pneumatic Controllers
Fundamentals of Pneumatic Controllers -Doug Butler - Controllers in one form or another have been around the process industries for a number of years. In fact, they are such a familiar sight in most industrial operations that they frequently suffer from being taken for granted. Yet, the quality of performance provided by a control system is determined by the performance of the controller and the other elements in the loop. The controller, with its various adjustments, is the one element in the control loop that allows any measure of operating flexibility. For optimum performance, it is necessary to use the controller properly. This requires a thorough understanding of some fundamental relationships - From CEESI
Process
Sequence Control Documentation Standards
ISA
has a number of standards in this area, the most well known of which is the
ISA-88 batch standard. ISA also has a number of books on this same topic
Programmable
Automation Controllers
PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of Control - With a number of vendors producing Programmable Automation Controllers that combine the functionality of a PC and reliability of a PLC, PACs today are increasingly being incorporated into control systems. This white paper explores the origins of the PAC, how PACs differ from PLCs and PCs, and the future direction of industrial control with PACs - From National Instruments.
Programmable Logic Controllers -Useful technical information on PLC,s
On-Line Process Control Tutorials - Some super tutorials and papers (from expertune -www.expertune.com)
Loop Tuning
- Tune
Guide. A Free Controller Tuning and Documentation Program -
Patrik Johansson
- Tuning
a PID Controller-From the University of Exeter
The following technical articles are links from
the excellent publication ControlGlobal.com
- Tuning
a PID Temperature Controller
- Cascade control tuning-
Bela Liptak gives advice
- Special
rules for tuning level controllers (Part-1) F.G.
Shinskey
-
Special
rules for tuning level controllers Part 2
- 15
case-in-points of common control myths-By Greg
McMillan and Stan
Weiner, PE
- PID
loop tuning tips pocket guide-This eight-page publication
from ControlSoft Inc was created to give engineers a short easy-to-use guide to
tuning PID loops, and it includes a reference section that summarizes many of
the more common controllers available.
The following are excellent loop optimisation papers (from
expertune) have a look at their great website
for more super Control system information.
-Loop
Optimization- Reap the Greatest Benefits
- Steps
to optimise your control loop
- Loop
Optimization- Troubleshooting
-Loop
Optimization- How To Tune A Loop
- Learn
How To Assess And Improve Control Loop Performance
-Prioritising
and Optimising Problem Loops Using a Loop Monitoring System
- A
practical approach for large-scale controller performance assessment,
diagnosis, and improvement
- Poor
Controller Tuning Drives Up Valve Costs
Other Useful Information
The
following excellent papers on Controlling Equipment have been made available by Walter
Driedger as a service to other engineers, find them at http://www.driedger.ca/
- Controlling Centifugal Pumps
- Controlling Positive Displacement Pumps
- Controlling Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
- Controlling
Steam Heaters
- Controlling
Fired Heaters
- Controlling
Vessels and Tanks
- Connecting and Interpreting Limit Switches
- Optimum Settings for Automatic
Controllers- By
J.G. Ziegler and N. B. Nichols, Rochester, N. Y.
Advanced
Process Control - lots of papers thanks to
ControlGlobal.com ( www.controlglobal.com
)
Advanced
Process Control Solutions- Thanks to ControlGlobal.com ( www.controlglobal.com
) and Yokogawa.
Process Control Security - ICEweb's
Security Page has a very comprehensive range of articles and papers.
Process Control System Ergonomics - Papers required on Hardware Ergonomics and Graphic Design, please submit here.
