1.10
The following links to basic information plus links to a series of
incidents on video are from EPEE
ConsultingWhilst every effort is made to ensure technical accuracy of the information supplied on iceweb.com.au, Keyfleet Pty Ltd and its employees accept no liability for any loss or damage caused by error or omission from the data supplied. Users should make and rely on their own independent inquiries. By accessing the site users accept this condition. Should you note any error/omission or an article offends please do not ignore it, contact the webmaster and we will review, rectify and remove as necessary.
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Electrical Equipment in
Hazardous Areas
Technical Information
Hazardous Area Installations - How to make 92% of sites safer without increasing the costs of compliance - From our valued sponsor Abhisam Software
How to Manage Hazardous Areas effectively by using Gas Monitors - Electrical equipment installed in hazardous areas, necessarily has to conform to the area classification for that area. However, frequently, practical problems arise, where the specified equipment may not be easily available. For example, an area classified as Zone 1 under the IEC system, theoretically can accept only Zone 1 equipment. However sometimes, especially in case of specialized equipment, Zone 1 certified equipment of that type may not be available. In such cases what could be done? This paper presents the background of such situations, possible solutions and current international practices regarding this issue - Thanks to our valued sponsor Abhisam Software.
Hazardous Areas Technical Guide- This excellent 70 page technical guide from ICEweb sponsor Weidmuller is a large pdf download at 5 Megs, however it is worth the wait!
Intrinsic Safety, Barriers and Isolators - A full page of great links.
Australian Standards for Electrical Apparatus in Hazardous Areas -From ICEweb
Australian Standards for Gas Detection/Ex- Equipment -From ICEweb
Basics of Explosion Protection - from Stahl (http://www.rstahl.com)
Basics of Dust Explosion Protection - This is a document of 32 pages packed with good information- From electromach
Exd
Immersion heaters - From our
valued sponsor
Grimwood Heating Pty Ltd
Over the years it has been
difficult to source Exd Certified immersion heaters and often this has led to a
certification nightmare for those engineers responsible for the associated
equipment packages. These IEC certified heaters may provide the solution.
The following technical articles are
provided thanks to our valued sponsor Inlec
Engineering
Exd
Weatherproofing Alert- Including the Use of Denso tape -
thanks to Alan Wallace of Inlec Engineering
Atex
Markings
Continuous
Supervision of HA equipment
EEHA
Competency
Periodic
Inspection of HA equipment
Process
Fluid Migration along cables
The
following papers and presentations are from the IDC Technologies "Hazardous
Areas: Classifications and Equipment Conference 2007", these papers are
recommended reading.
Electrical
Equipment in Hazardous Areas - Field Inspections - Bill Rankin - This
paper focuses on the problems which are directly related to the inspection
process. It has been written from the perspective of the
Ex inspection team who usually have no control over the
design and installation process. It is acknowledged that the competency of the
design and installation personnel will affect the quality of the installation
that is to be inspected. The failure of Ex inspection campaigns can be
attributed to four main areas:
- Poor planning of the Ex inspection activities
- Lack of competence of the Ex inspectors
- Lack of clarity of the inspectors’ roles
- Lack of clarity of the inspection scope
Ex
Inspections—Potential Pitfalls
- Alan Wallace- Inlec Engineering - Many, if not most, Ex
inspection campaigns are grossly inefficient, and their
effectiveness is often questionable. This presentation discusses the four main
reasons why Ex inspection campaigns fail to meet the clients’ expectations. It
also offers recommendations to improve the quality and efficiency of Ex
inspections.
The
Application of Intrinsic Safety to Fieldbus Systems -
Chris Towle Chairman: MTL Instruments Ltd - This excellent paper covers the
technical aspects of FISCO, FNICO, Exe and Exi combination, Maintenance and
Inspection along with Intrinsically Safe Ethernet.
Myths
and Actual Practice with Industrial Data Communications and Hazardous Areas
- Steve Mackay - IDC Technologies - This presentation covers
Practical examination of data communications systems in hazardous areas for
Ethernet, Foundation Fieldbus, Profibus or RS-485 along with Practical
guidelines for best practice in designing your next industrial data
communications system in a hazardous area.
The
Current State of the IEC Intrinsically Safe Standards -
Chris Towle - Chairman: MTL Instruments Ltd - A candid discussion on the IEC IS
standards which includes IEC Organisation, Intrinsic Safety Standards, An
Analysis of the Change from ‘nL’ to ‘ic’ and advice to the First-time
Designer.
Changes
to Certification and its Impact on Manufacturers - Des
McDonell CSE-Ex Pty Ltd - This presentation covers product certification in
Australia.
1.10
The following links to basic information plus links to a series of
incidents on video are from EPEE
Consulting
Gases
and Vapours
Combustible
Dust
Flammable
/ Combustible Liquids
Other Technical Papers
11.09Extronics
Wall Chart - Some Useful Ex Information here
MTL Luton UK Technical Information - You will have to register to get access- it is quick, easy and worth it!
6.09
FISCO
Intrinsically Safe Fieldbus Systems - This
application note is a practical guide to the selection, installation and
maintenance of equipment complying with the Fieldbus Intrinsically Safe Concept
(FISCO). The document begins with a discussion of the origins of FISCO and an
introduction to the main elements that should be considered when assembling
FISCO systems. Later sections then develop each subject in more detail, with the
intention of providing clear guidance to new and experienced Fieldbus users.
From MTL.
Fieldbus
Non-Incendive Concept (FNICO)-Phil Saward (MTL)
Comprehensive
global guide to hazardous locations -And boy is this
comprehensive! It is an excellent technical resource from Cooper Crouse Hinds
which includes virtually everything including: Basics of
Explosion Protection, Area Classification, Methods of Explosion Protection,
Equipment Selection, Installation & Wiring Practice.
Ex poster (inc
ATEX) -thanks to Endress + Hauser (http://www.endress.com/)
Flammable
Risk- from Crowcon (http://www.crowcon.com)
Flammable Material
Characteristics - From hazareas.com (http://www.hazareas.com/hac_en.asp)
Hazardous
Area Classification/ Flameproofing- From the UK Health
and Safety Executive (http://www.hse.gov.uk)
Hazardous Area
Classification & Selection of Electrical Equipment For Flammable Atmospheres
for India- A power point presentation from author P.G. Sreejith
Hazardous
Area reference - Classifications detailing ignition
temperatures, materials and enclosure data - from
pauluhn
Hazardous
Area Reference Chart -
From Crouse-Hinds ( http://www.crouse-hinds.com)
Installation
of Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Areas - from Bentley
Nevada
EXia
Intrinsically Safe Mobile Phone-At last a mobile phone
that can be used in Australian Hazardous Areas, from dca intrinsically safe
products (http://www.dcaexpro.com/index.html)
Certification
of Diesel Engines in Hazardous Areas - A useful
technical information sheet from SIRA
The
Safest Way to Calibrate - An introduction to intrinsically safe calibrators -
There are industrial environments where calibrations should not only be made
accurately and efficiently, but also safely. When safety becomes a top priority
issue in calibration, intrinsically safe calibrators enter into the picture.
Frictional
Ignition of Powders - Geoff Lunn - This is a comprehensive
review - Surveys of industrial incidents in powder and dust handling plant
show that in a substantial percentage, friction and mechanical failure and
flames and flaming material are known ignition sources - from www.safetynet.de
.
ATEX
The
ATEX Directive- Its affect on Instrumentation in Hazardous areas-From
MTL Instruments
ABB’s ATEX jargon buster explains the terminology users are likely to encounter when purchasing equipment for hazardous areas.
ATEX Directives
Some useful links can be found here
- from the Institution of Chemical Engineers in the UK.
ATEX 137- The
use directive from SIRA
The
European ATEX Directive - Ray
Cardinal and BarryNurcombe- from Bentley Nevada
11.09The
Full Version of the ATEX Directive - from Extronics
IECEx
The objective of
the IECEx Scheme is to facilitate
international trade in electrical equipment intended for use in explosive
atmospheres (Ex equipment). The IECEx Scheme provides the means for
manufacturers of Ex equipment to obtain certificates of conformity that will be
accepted at national level in all participating countries.
| IECEx 01 | IEC Scheme for Certification to Standards relating to Equipment for use in Explosive Atmospheres (IECEx Scheme) – Basic Rules |
| IECEx 02 | IEC Scheme for Certification to Standards for Electrical Equipment for Explosive Atmospheres (IECEx Scheme)- Rules of Procedure |
Equipment Protection Levels (EPLs], which are the IEC equivalent of the ATEX categories, a discussion by MTL
IECEx Standards -
The IECEx Scheme is based on the use of specific
international IEC Standards for type of protection of Ex equipment.
The ExTR Database- This
database provides an official listing of IECEx Ex Test Reports issued in
accordance with the scheme rules, IECEx
02
The IECEx Scheme
- Description from the National Electrical Manufacturers
Association
Explosive
atmospheres- A useful bulletin from IECex
11.09
Wireless Considerations in Hazardous Areas
Resilient
Wireless Ethernet on an FPSO - The need to provide Ethernet
connectivity to locations round production plant or other facilities is becoming
more common place due to the fact that most modern control and instrumentation
equipment is now supplied with an Ethernet interface as the primary means of
communicating with the device. In many cases it is simply a matter of running an
Ethernet cable from the switch to the device as this more often than not
provides power as well using the 802.3af POE standard. From Extronics.
Making Safe Waves in Hazardous Areas White Paper - As wireless devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers become more reliable and cost effective, there is growing interest amongst the process industry as to the benefits to be found from enabling such devices to be used in hazardous areas. However, unlike most industries this is not a simple task. Installing wireless networks in hazardous areas requires careful, expert planning and execution. From Extronics.
 |
E-learning course on Hazardous
Area Instrumentation - From our valued sponsor Abhisam
Software - Hazardous areas comprise a large
portion of most petrochemical plants, refineries, oil tank farms and many
chemical plants. The instrumentation, control systems and electrical
systems used in these hazardous or classified locations is designed
specially to prevent dangerous incidents. However, unfortunately, many
people are unaware of the methods of area classification, methods of
protection, maintenance & installation of this kind of equipment- this
course addresses and covers;
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On Line
Hazardous Areas Ex Newsletters and Journals
HazardEx:
The Journal -
A bi-monthly publication
distributed to 8,500 readers in the months of January, March, May, July,
September and November.
HazardEx
& Hazardous Areas International (HAI): The eNewsletters
- Hazard Ex is emailed to safety & hazardous area engineering
specialists throughout the UK. HAI is distributed across EU & the Middle
East; Includes legislation updates, comment, products & services
round-up editorial.