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Flow
Ultrasonic
A full page of Ultrasonic
Flowmetering technical links- thanks to our sponsor Zedflo
Australia
V-Cone and Wet Gas Metering
- This is a swag of information on this innovative technology - Thanks
to our sponsor McCrometer.
8.09
Subsea
Flow Measurement - Marcus Davis - Flow measurement in subsea
production systems, modules and templates is a challenge for flow meters. The
complexity of subsea production systems ranges from simple satellite wells with
one line to complex multiple well sites with a network of lines. Several pipe
lines join together below the surface and will eventually extend to a fixed
platform, Floating Production Storage and Offloading Vessel (FPSO), or perhaps a
pipeline running to a land-based operation. Flow measurement is required in all
phases of these operations, especially at well heads and where lines merge -Thanks
to our sponsor McCrometer.
The Following general links are thanks to Coleparmer
Selecting
the Right Flowmeter Part 1
Selecting
the Right Flowmeter; Part 2
Complete
selection of Flowmeters
Frequently
Asked Questions: Flowmeters
How
Volumetric Flowmeters Work
Volumetric
Flow Rates vs Mass Flow Rates
Velocity-Profile
Deviations Influence Flowmeter Performance
Installing
your Flow Sensor
Flowmeter
Applications
High-Viscosity
Flowmeters
General Flow Links
6.10
LegendsofFlow.com
- The purpose of this website is to provide information and knowledge about
those people who have made substantial contributions to the field of flow
measurement. There are three levels or tiers of people on this site including Pioneers
of Instrumentation - Historical figures who have developed theories or made
important contributions to flow measurement. Legends
of Flow - Living or contemporary people who have developed theories, founded
companies, or otherwise made important contributions to flow measurement and Movers
and Shakers of Flow - Important people and decision makers in flow who have
not yet achieved legendary status, but who nonetheless play an important role
today in the field of flow measurement and instrumentation. One can also find
plenty of technical information on this site.
1.10
Flow
& Measurement Articles - This super website contains an absolute
"swag" of published articles on flow and measurement written by Dr.
Jesse Yoder. These articles have been published in various trade journals
beginning in 1995.
Focus
on Liquid Flow Measurement - Controlling the flow rate of liquids is a
key control mechanism for any chemical plant. There are many different
types of devices available to measure flow. This article from cheresources
covers some of the basics.
Pioneers
of Flow Measurement -Founding the Technologies of Today - Jesse
Yoder, Ph.D - It is easy to forget in today’s fast-paced world the
importance of the many thinkers and pioneers who have made modern-day
technologies possible. This is as true in the area of flow measurement as it is
in other technology segments. The following looks at some of the pioneers of
flow measurement, who formulated many of the principles that underlie the
sophisticated flow instruments of today - An excellent article from
flowresearch.com
The
Effect of Ambient Conditions on Flow Measurement - David W. Spitzer, P.E -
The entire flow measurement system should be operated within its constraints in
order to provide accurate flow measurements. This means that each component of
the flow measurement system should be considered to ensure that it is operated
properly.
From
David W Spitzer and Flow control Network
Top
Tips for flowmeter selection- The huge array of flow technology options on
offer can make selecting the correct flowmeter for an application a bewildering
task. A broad range of factors can influence flowmeter selection, of which cost
is just one. Dr Bryan Franklin, Flow Products Manager, ABB Limited recommends a
list of top tips for selecting the best all round flow system for an
application.
Let
it flow - Measuring the flow of liquids in industrial plants is critical
- In some operations, the ability to conduct accurate flow
measurements is so important it can make the difference between making a profit
and taking a loss. In other cases, inaccurate flow measurements or failure to
take measurements can cause serious or disastrous results. Includes a flowmeter
selection guide. Thanks to ISA and InTech.
Differential
Producing Flowmeters- From Caldon
The
Water Measurement Manual -US Bureau of Reclamation - A terrific 14 chapter US Government Water Resource Research
Laboratory reference site with absolutely everything you need to know about
water flow measurement.
Flow
and Level Calibration Information Notes (INX Inc)
Flow Conversions
Flowmeters,
Liquid - Omega.com, a very nice tutorial on flow meters.
Flow
Measurement information Notes (INX Inc)
Flowmeters
for water and wastewater applications - (Controlotron)
The
following technical articles are from the excellent publication Flow Control
Network.
6.10
Straight-Run
Requirements for Flow Accuracy - David W. Spitzer - Have you
ever seen the inside of a carbon steel pipe used for sodium chloride brine
service? The inside pipe wall has ridges, mountains, boils and other strange
shapes. How can you accurately measure flow in such a pipe? The upstream and
downstream piping might be straight in your installation. However, the inside of
the pipe can be far from straight/smooth. In this application, the strange
shapes on the inside of the pipe can affect the velocity profile and, in turn,
the flow measurement - from www.flowcontrolnetwork.com
6.10
Which
of the following Flowmeters can Measure both Forward and Reverse Flow?
6.10
Flowmeter
Turndown Overkill - Is 1,000-to-1 Really Better Than 100-to-1? - David W.
Spitzer - It would be fair to say that the overwhelming majority of instrument
suppliers make valid claims about the instruments they sell. For example, a
supplier may claim that its flowmeters perform within a specified accuracy, such
as 0.5 percent of flowrate. The supplier has presumably tested the flowmeter and
found that its performance falls within this specification. The user can then
decide whether this particular flowmeter meets the needs of the application - from www.flowcontrolnetwork.com
Pressure
& Temperature Tap Placement -David W Spitzer
- Deciding
Between Upstream and Downstream Location for a Flow Metering Application-
Flowmeter
Piping Requirements How Much Straight Run Is Enough?-
Greg Livelli - A very useful technical paper
detailing straight run requirements for various types of flowmeters.
A
Primer on Primary Elements -Understanding a Key Aspect
of DP Flow Measurement - Jesse Yoder -A general
description of some flowmeter types
Calculating
for Calibration & Conversion-Factor Inconsistency-
David W. Spitzer -Accurate flow measurement often entails careful attention to detail. Errors can
be introduced when calculations in different parts of the flow measurement
system are performed using different standard conditions. From
P.E and flowcontrolnetwork.com
Coriolis - A page full of great technical information
Custody transfer
Calculating
and Optimizing Accuracy & Repeatability of Natural Gas Custody
Dall Tube - New Page Coming Soon
Elbow Meters - New Page Coming Soon
Flow Conditioning
6.10
Dealing with Unpredictable Flow Profiles - Eliminating
Transitional Flow Effects via Flow Conditioning - Mike
Bess & Don Lundberg - Flow conditioners are widely recognized and
applied in order to correct flow profile distortions caused by upstream flow
disturbances. These unpredictable flow profile variations can be neutralized by
a well-designed flow conditioner. Such flow conditioners are capable of
presenting a consistent and predictable outlet flow profile to the flowmeter,
resulting in accurate and repeatable flow measurements. However, often
overlooked in wide-turndown flow measurement applications with Reynolds number
ranges that go below 4000, are the effects of three naturally occurring
transitional flow profile phenomena. These transitional flows have dramatic
differences in the flow velocity profile that disrupt flowmeter accuracy and
repeatability. A well-designed flow conditioner can also efficiently neutralize
transitional flow effects - from www.flowcontrolnetwork.com
Flow Meters for Leak Detection
Non-Intrusive
System Detects Leaks Using Mass Measurement-By
Don Bloom, Vice President,
Controlotron
Leak
Detection and prevention - Joseph Baumoel, Controlotron, USA, provides
an overview of the ongoing problem of pipeline
spills and evaluates the technologies available for
the identification and control of pipeline leaks.
Selecting and Installing a Flowmeter - New Page Coming Soon
Impact Flowmeter - New Page Coming Soon
Magnetic Flowmeters
The following articles are from Emerson Process
Management.
Installation
and Grounding of Magmeters in Typical and Electrolytic Process Applications -
Proper installation and grounding of
magnetic flowmeters is important for accurate, reliable measurement performance.
Stray AC or DC currents through the
fluid or instrument can produce noise signals that may in turn interfere with
the relatively low flow signals
generated in today's modern pulsed DC magmeter.
Magnetic
Flowmeter Material Selection Guide -A
general resource for the selection of
materials for the magnetic flowmeter. One
of the advantages of the electromagnetic
flowmeter is that it is suitable for a wide
variety of applications including severely corrosive
chemicals and highly abrasive slurries. The key
to this versatility is that there is a large choice of materials
available for the electrodes and the flowtube
liner.
Permeation
of Teflon Flowtube Liners and Installation Techniques to Reduce the Rate of
Permeation - Ways to Reduce
Permeation including Liner Quality, Liner Thickness, and Temperature
Mass Flowmeter- New Page Coming Soon
Metering
New
Developments in Metering Technology
Multiphase - Exceptional Multiphase Metering technical information on this dedicated page.
Open Channel Meters, Weirs and Flumes - New Page Coming Soon
Orifice Plates - A page full of great technical papers / articles on Orifice Plates, associated standards and associated equipment
Pitot Tubes and Annubars
Annubar®
Flow Handbook - This excellent reference book provides
all of the information necessary to accurately measure fluid flow using the
Rosemount 485 Annubar primary element.
Positive Displacement Meters - New Page Coming Soon
Rotary-vane and Nutating disk meters- New Page Coming Soon
Ultrasonic - A full page of Ultrasonic Flowmetering technical links- thanks to our sponsor Zedflo Australia
Steam Flow
8.10
Behind
the Scenes of Steam Flow Measurement - Jesse Yoder - Steam, or vaporized
water, is an important part of our daily lives. It is easy enough to experience
steam; simply boiling water will produce it. But steam has equally important
uses as a source of power for ships, in paper production, and for cooling and
heating buildings. Probably the most important use of steam is as a source of
power in electricity production. Steam is difficult to measure accurately,
mainly because of its sensitivity to changes in temperature and pressure. Steam
is often classified into three types, which reflect the different pressure and
temperature conditions that steam is subject to - from ISA and InTech
8.10
Using
Meters to Measure Steam Flow - Jesse Yoder - When people hear about fluid
measurement, they usually think of checking either liquid or gas flow. This
belief is natural, since about 90% of fluid measurements are for these two
applications. In a worldwide survey of flowmeter users, 68% measured liquids,
22% gas, and only 10% steam. While 10% may not seem like a large percentage, it
represents a significant number of measurements. Many companies measure steam
for purposes of internal custody transfer and for utility applications in power
generation and chemical plants - from www.flowresearch.com
and Automation Research Corp
8.10
Understanding
Steam Flow Meters - Steam flow measurement is important in this context
because steam is widely used as a source of power in the production of
electricity. As the costs of energy rise, many companies are looking to increase
efficiencies in their energy and power generation. As a result, more attention
is being paid to steam flow measurement - Thanks to Chemical Professionals.
Target Meters - New Page Coming Soon
Thermal - New Page Coming Soon but here
is a good link from our valued ICEweb sponsors Austral
Powerflo Solutions and Masoneilan
Are
Your Gas Flow Rates Too Low to Use Conventional Measurement Technologies?-
by Wayne Shannon
6.10
A
Standard for Users and Manufacturers of Thermal Dispersion Mass Flowmeters
- Dr John G Olin - This 49 page standard
establishes common terminology and gives guidelines for the quality,
description, principle of operation, selection, installation and flow
calibration of thermal dispersion flowmeters for the measurement of flowrate and
to a lesser extent, the volumetric flowrate of the flow of a fluid in a closed
conduit. Multivariable versions additionally measure fluid temperature. Thermal
dispersion mass flowmeters are applicable to the flow of single-phase pure gases
and gas mixtures of known composition and, less commonly, to single-phase
liquids of known composition - from Sierra Instruments.
3.10
Flowmeter
Selection for Improved Gas Flow Measurements: a comparison of DP and Thermal
Dispersion Technologies - As the costs of fuels and consumables continue to
rise, the ability to accurately measure the amount used in a process becomes
significant in controlling costs and determining bottom line profits. Therefore,
it is important to implement a strategy of adding cost-effective, accurate, gas
flow measuring devices to heaters, boilers and cogeneration equipment. From AMS
Instrumentation & Calibration Pty Ltd and www.processonline.com.au
Turbine meters - New Page Coming Soon
Variable Area Meters - New Page Coming
Soon
3.10
Variable
Area Meter Sizing - This useful technical data sheet
details sizing calculations for both Gas and Liquid VA meters -From King
Instrument Company
V-Cone and Wet Gas Metering - This is a swag of information on this innovative technology - Thanks to our sponsor McCrometer.
Venturies and Flow Nozzles - New Page Coming Soon
Velocity Meters - New Page Coming Soon
Vortex - New Page Coming Soon
Vortex
Shedding Flowmeters - Thanks to
Caldon
4.09Why
Your Vortex Meter Shows Zero - Liquid flow of a process fluid into a vessel
was visually confirmed. However a vortex-shedding flowmeter in the feed pipe
measured zero flow. The flowmeter was removed from service and was found to
function properly on the flow bench in the instrument shop. Which of the
following problems could cause this issue to occur? From
David W Spitzer P.E and Flow Control Network.