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Ultrasonic Flow Metering
The following papers are compliments of Zedflo Australia
It should be noted that Siemens Acquired Controlotron in 2006
Comparative advantages of clamp-on
Controlotron’s WideBeam™, Cavity-Free™ Ultrasonic Flowmeters Achieve Process and Natural Gas Custody Transfer Accuracy and Performance - Controlotron’s WideBeam™, Cavity-Free™ ultrasonic flowmeters have been proven to meet the recently released API standards for liquid custody transfer. This same Cavity- Free technology is now available for gas applications and will meet AGA-9 standards for custody transfer. The two major types of ultrasonic flowmeters available for gas custody transfer measurement are conventional ‘insert’ type meters and Controlotron’s unique WideBeam™, ‘Cavity-Free’ design.
Lightning Protection of Ultrasonic Flow Meters - This document outlines important recommendations for all installations requiring protection from lightning damage-Eli Spalten Senior Applications Engineer, Controlotron
Suggested Ultrasonic Flowmeter specifications - A useful typical specification from Controlotron
The Ultimate Flowmeter, High Precision - Low Cost -Joe Baumoel, President,Controlotron Corporation - High precision and low cost are usually incompatible concepts. Providing precision is usually the thing that leads to high cost in a flowmeter. However, start with a high cost-high precision clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter and take out the costly functions and features that are not needed for most applications and you have a non-intrusive high precision-lowcost flow meter!
Reflexor™ Doppler Technology - The Technology - from Controlotron - Doppler flowmeters inject sound into the liquid by a transmit transducer at a known angle and reflects off a moving particle or bubble. The frequency is shifted proportional to velocity of the particle or bubble. The reflected signal is captured by the receive transducer and demodulated by the electronics.
Leak Detection and Prevention - Joseph Baumoel, Controlotron, USA, Provides an overview of the ongoing problem of pipeline spills and evaluates the technologies available for the identification and control of pipeline leaks.
Flowmeters For Water & Wastewater Applications - Unfortunately, there are many preconceptions and misconceptions about the use of ultrasonic flowmeters within a wastewater treatment plant. This Industry Note will provide a clear insight into the proper selection and use of the two types of ultrasonic flowmeters; transit-time and Doppler - From Controlotron
Clamp on Ultrasonic Flowmeters - Your Questions Answered - Thanks to our Sponsor Zedflo Australia
WideBeam™ Transit-Time Technology - An excellent overview of the Technology - Thanks to DanCo Systems
Leak Detection using Ultrasonic Technology -Joe Baumoel, President,Controlotron Corporation - What is possible with today’s technology is to install pipeline leak detection systems that are affordable, reliable and sensitive enough to detect even the small corrosion leaks that frequently precede the huge spills that attract the editorial attention that precedes public demand for technically impossible and unaffordable government regulations. From the Pipeline and Gas journal.
Non-Intrusive System Detects Leaks Using Mass Measurement-Don Bloom, Vice President, Controlotron - Clamp-on, ultrasonic technology offers an attractive way to perform leak detection and location on existing and new pipelines by the measurement of the mass of the liquid in the pipeline. From the Pipeline and Gas journal.
Other useful technical information
Operation of Ultrasonic Flow Meters at Conditions Different Than Their Calibration- Mr William Freund, Daniel Measurement and Control/ Mr Klaus Zanker, Daniel Measurement and Control/ Mr Dale Goodson, Daniel Measurement and Control /Dr James E. Hall, Letton-Hall Group/ Mr Andrew W. Jamieson, 4C Measurement. Currently, calibration of an ultrasonic flow meter for natural gas measurement is conducted under the conditions available at the flow calibration facility. Since almost all of these facilities utilize natural gas flowing in a pipeline, it is usually not possible to vary parameters such astemperature, pressure and gas composition, each of which affect the speed of sound. When the ultrasonic meters are then used in applications where these parameters are different from their calibration values, does the calibration still apply? Thanks to our valued sponsor Emerson Process Management.
Energy Measurement using Ultrasonic Flow Measurement and Chromatography - The Technician’s Perspective-Charles W. Derr and Charles F. Cook, Daniel Measurement and Control -Thanks to our valued sponsor Emerson Process Management.
Ultrasonic Technology: Prospects for Improving Flow Measurements and Standards -T. T. Yeh and G. E. Mattingly-Fluid Flow Group, Process Measurements Division Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
Ultrasonic Flowmeters Move Into the Mainstream - Walt Boyes, Editor in Chief -Thanks to ControlGlobal.com
Ultrasonic Flowmeters Get the Nod- From Control Engineering
Ultrasonic flowmeter is now "technology of choice"-The emerging adoption of ultrasonic flowmeters for custody transfer measurement of refined liquid petroleum products and natural gas will drive robust growth in the market.News Release from: ARC Advisory Group- Article thanks to Engineering Talk.
Ultrasonic Flow Measurement - Technology -From www.sensorland.com
The following excellent Ultrasonic Flowmeter Papers
are from Cameron-Caldon
General
Principles of LEFM Time-of-Flight
Ultrasonic Flow Measurements - Herb
Estrada - A time-of-flight ultrasonic flow measurement system projects acoustic
energy along one or more diagonal paths through the pipe
in which flow is to be measured, this paper explains these principles.
Identifying
and Bounding the Uncertainties in LEFM Flow Measurements- Herb
Estrada - It is appropriate to ask how the
errors of individual elements, biases and time varying random errors, should be
combined. In the treatment of
uncertainties in LEFM flow measurements, it has
been Caldon’s practice to follow the guidance of ASMEstandard for heat balance
testing, with respect to estimating and
combining potential errors from various sources in the measurement
system.
Theory
of Ultrasonic Flow Measurement, Gases & Liquids- Herb
Estrada - Ultrasonic flow measurement systems (UFMs) are
being applied with increasing frequency to hydrocarbon flow
measurements. Most of these UFM s are transit time (also
called time-of-flight) systems—they measure the transit
time of ultrasonic energy pulses traveling with and
against the direction of flow. This paper will outline the
principles of three kinds of transit time UFMs.
Installation
Effects and Diagnostics Interpretation using Caldon Ultrasonic Flow Meter
-H. Estrada/ T. Cousins/D. Augenstein -
This is a comprehensive review of Installation and diagnostics.
Proving
Liquid Ultrasonic Flow Meters - Don Augenstein - This paper’s
objective is to provide UFM users with relevant information necessary to
understand how UFMs operate particularly with respect to measurement variability
and its effect upon proving along with investigating potential factors that
influence UFM statistics and repeatability.
Proving
of Multi-Path Liquid Ultrasonic Flowmeters - T. Cousins,
D. Augenstein - This paper identifies the factors affecting the provability of
multi-path chordal ultrasonic meters. It also presents
proving data for such meters, for a range of meter sizes,
at several independent certified hydraulic laboratories around the world, as
well as data from meters at various field installations. These
data show that repeatability is predictable and generally
is controlled by hydraulic/turbulence statistics. The
statistics are zero biased and subject to the flow conditions at the site.
The understanding of the proving characteristics gained by this
analysis leads to proving procedures whereby a specified
calibration accuracy, such as the ±0.027% of the API
Standards, can be achieved. The paper describes this process and demonstrates
its application using field data.
Are Ultrasonic Flowmeters Right for You?- From Automation World
Ultrasonic Doppler Flowmeters- Flow reference from Omega
Ultrasonic Flowmeter papers - A comprehensive selection of technical papers from GE Sensing
Effluent
Flow with Suspended Solids -Facing Rising Treatment
Costs, Paper Mill Reconsiders Flowmeter Installation - This article describes
some solutions to this issue - David W. Spitzer, P.E.- Thanks to flowcontrolnetwork,com
University
chilled water plant plays it cool with ultrasonic flowmeters -
An application article - From InTech and the ISA