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V Cone Flowmeters

The following links are compliments of our valued sponsor McCrometer - Please support our sponsors, without them ICEweb could not exist.

V-Cone Technical Brief - English - Spanish - Russian - The McCrometer V-Cone Flowmeter is a patented technology that accurately measures flow over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, under all kinds of conditions and for a variety of fluids. It operates on the same physical principle as other differential pressure-type flowmeters, using the theorem of conservation of energy in fluid flow through a pipe. The V-Cone’s remarkable performance characteristics, however, are the result of its unique design. It features a centrally-located cone inside the tube. This technical brief gives a comprehensive overview of the technology.

Flow Calculations for the V-Cone® and Wafer-Cone® Flowmeters

10.09 Wet Gas Metering with V-Cone - Dr. Richard Steven and  Dr. RJW Peters - With the industrial requirement to meter wet gas flows increasing worldwide McCrometer has tested the performance of the single phase V-Cone meter (a Differential Pressure (DP) type meter) in wet gas flows in both the NEL and CEESI wet gas loops. These tests have shown how the V-Cone meter responds to different amounts of liquid entrained in a gas flow and have enabled correction factors to be developed.

10.09 API 22.2 Revised from API 5.7 -A Summary by Dr R.J.W. (Bob) Peters - McCrometer V-Cone Meters Tested in Accordance with API 5.7 "Testing Protocol for Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Devices" and Subsequently Further Tested to meet the Additional Requirements of API 22 "Testing Protocol" Section 2 – "Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Devices" (a Revision of API 5.7 )

The following papers are made available thanks to Dr Bob Peters of McCrometer

New Compact Wet Gas Meter Based on a
Microwave Water Detection Technique and Differential Pressure Flow Measurement- Dr Øystein Lund Bø and Dr Ebbe Nyfors, Roxar Flow Measurement, Dr Tore Løland, Statoil and Dr Jean Paul Couput, TotalFinaElf

Flow Calculations for the V-Cone® and Wafer-Cone® Flowmeters

Testing the Wafer V-Cone Flowmeters in accordance with API 5.7 “Testing Protocol for Differential Pressure Flow Measurement Devices” in the CEESI Colorado Test Facility- Dr R.J.W.Peters – Flow Measurement Technology Manager, McCrometer,Dr Richard Steven – Multiphase Meter Development Manager, McCrometer, Steve Caldwell – Vice President, CEESI, Bill Johansen – Engineering Manager, CEESI

Tests of the V-Cone Flow Meter at Southwest Research Institute® and Utah State University in Accordance with the New API Chapter 5.7 Test Protocol (2.3 Meg)-Dr. Darin L. George – Senior Research Engineer, Southwest Research Institute, Mr. Edgar B. Bowles – Fluid Systems Engineering Manager, Southwest Research Institute, Ms. Marybeth Nored – Research Engineer, Southwest Research Institute, Dr. R.J.W. Peters – Flow Measurement Technology Manager, McCrometer, Dr. Richard Steven – Multiphase Development Manager, McCrometer

An Update on V-Cone Wet Gas Metering Research -Dr. Richard Steven – Multiphase Development Manager, McCrometer, Charles Britton and Tom Kegel CEESI

The Use of a V-Cone Fuel Flow Meter to Measure the Coke Oven Gas and Natural Gas Flow in a Combined Heat and Power Plant - Ann McIver and Dr. R.J.W. Peters


Other papers from McCrometer

3.10 FPSO Flow Meter Fits Just Right - Space-Saving Flow Meter Gets Engineers Out Of Tight Spots In Offshore Applications: Ideal for Measuring Wet Gas, Condensate and Dirty or Abrasive Flows.

10.09 Custody Transfer Measurement with the V-Cone Flowmeter - Stephen A. Ifft - This paper discusses the approval of the McCrometer V-Cone flowmeter for custody transfer measurement in Canada.

10.09 V-Cone®, An Alternative to Orifice Meter in Wet Gas Applications - Stephen A. Ifft - This paper will discuss the use of the V-Cone differential pressure flowmeter to measure the flow of wet gas. Wet gas flow measurement is gaining considerable attention due to its importance in the oil and gas industry. Separator and well-head flow lines are two examples where wet gas can occur in a production system. Orifice plates have long been used for these applications. While orifice plates offer good measurement in clean gas applications, an alternative is needed that will provide better performance in the harsh environment of wet gas flow.

10.09 Partially Closed Valve Effects on the V-Cone Flowmeter - Stephen A. Ifft - Research conducted indicates that the V-Cone flowmeter is less susceptible to upstream flow disturbances than traditional flowmeters. This  testing has placed various flow disturbances upstream of the V-Cone including single elbows, double elbows out-of-plane, valves, and swirl generators. In an effort to further quantify the effects of partially closed valves on the V-Cone, McCrometer has completed the first in a series of valve installation effects tests.

10.09 Permanent Pressure Loss Comparison Among Various Flowmeter Technologies - Stephen A. Ifft - This paper explores the issue of permanent pressure loss through various types of flow metering technologies. Of particular interest is the V-Cone. The V-Cone flowmeter is a differential pressure device produced by McCrometer, Hemet, California, USA. By design, the V-Cone measures differential pressure created by a cone positioned in the center of the pipe. The open area through which the fluid passes is stretched over the edge of the cone. This annular space appears to constrict flow dramatically compared to other metering technologies. This paper compares the permanent pressure loss among meters in a typical application.

10.09 Signal Noise Ratio Comparison for V-Cone and Orifice Plate Flowmeters - Stephen A. Ifft - This paper discusses and compares the relative signal noise between the V-Cone differential pressure flowmeter and a typical orifice plate differential pressure flowmeter.

Field Experiences with V-Cone Technology - Philip A. Lawrence -This paper describes the principles and field use of the V-cone D.P. flowmeter used in the role of wellhead metering, injection measurement allocation metering / custody transfer both topside and sub-sea in on-offshore oil and gas production applications.

Northsea 1997 Flow Measurement Workshop "Wet Gas Testing with V-Cone" - This paper details a series of tests conducted on Wet Gas applications.

North Sea 2003 Flow Measurement Workshop - "Research Developments in Wet Gas Metering with V-Cone Meters" - Philip A. Lawrence, and Richard Steven - This paper briefly summarises the V-Cone meter technology and then discusses the results of repeat wet gas flow tests at NEL in May 2003 (at nominally 15 and 60 Bar) for the 0.75 beta ratio V-Cone meter, to show the repeatability of the meter with wet gas flows and the reliability of the previously published wet gas flow correlation within the NEL parameter range.

Test Separator Using Offshore Metering - Philip A. Lawrence - This paper highlights the advantages of using V-Cone Meters on Test Separators

Wet Gas Metering with V-Cone - Dr. Richard Steven and  Dr. RJW Peters - With the industrial requirement to meter wet gas flows increasing worldwide McCrometer has tested the performance of the single phase V-Cone meter (a Differential Pressure (DP) type meter) in wet gas flows in both the NEL and CEESI wet gas loops. These tests have shown how the V-Cone meter responds to different amounts of liquid entrained in a gas flow and have enabled correction factors to be developed.


Case Notes

10.09 Don’t Let Valves Come Between You and Accurate Flow Measurement - Jim Panek -  Getting valves and flow meters to work together is sometimes a challenging task within industrial water and wastewater applications. Valves tend to create the kind of irregular media flow patterns in pipelines that make it a real challenge to achieve accurate flow measurement of liquids, gas or steam. That’s why many types of popular liquid flow meters require straight pipe runs. Unfortunately, the nature of the process or the kind of space required for long straight runs of pipe is often an impossible luxury in many of today’s plants.

10.09 Flow Meter Research for APS Beam-Lines - Jeff T. Collins & Brian Batzka - Many critical APS beam-line components, such as the photon shutters and fixed masks, utilise porous media for heat transfer enhancement and consequently rely on steady operation at design flow rates to ensure that the proper levels of heat transfer enhancement are maintained. it is therefore necessary to ensure that the flow metering system, which the component is interlocked on, has a high degree of reliability.

10.09 Flowmeter Smoothes City's Troubled Waters - An application note for the water industry.

10.09 V-Cone Coke Oven Gas Case Study - Flow monitoring of coke-oven gas is difficult due to solids build up on interior surfaces. Heavy accumulation often renders venturis, orifice and segmental orifice plates incapable of accurate flow measurement. In addition, the pressure-sensing ports of venturi or orifice plate flowmeters become plugged, making the readings of these primary differential pressure devices difficult, if not impossible.

10.09 Wellhead Metering Using V-Cone® Technology - This paper describes the McCrometer V-cone D.P. meter as currently used by the Oil and Gas industry in the role of wellhead injection and allocation metering in on-shore, topside and sub-sea production applications.

10.09 The Economic and Technical Justification for changing from a Nozzle Flow Meter to a V-Cone Flow Meter on the outlet of a Steam Recovery Boiler in a Paper Plant - A very large integrated Paper Plant desired to improve productivity of paper production utilizing the existing equipment. The technical paper describes the reasons why the Paper Plant considered the replacement of a flow meter on the steam outlet of a Recovery Boiler.

10.09 Use of V-Cone Fuel Flow Meter to Measure Coke Oven Gas & Natural Gas Flow in a Combined Heat and Power Plant - Ann McIver and Dr. R.J.W. Peters - This paper describes key aspects of the Citizens Thermal Energy district energy system in Indianapolis. It will present the requirements imposed, through the continuous emissions monitoring rules established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as delineated in 40 CFR 75. The reason for the choice of the V-Cone, which is not a fuel flow metering technology specifically addressed in the regulations, will be presented and the tests required by the EPA to enable the V-Cone to be accepted. The results of the flow tests in an independent laboratory before and after a period in service will be given.


Application Notes
24509-78   Aerospace Industry: High-Pressure Helium Measurement  
24519-03   Subsea Flow Measurement - White Paper  
24509-80   Analytical Instruments Industry: Air Flow Measurement  
24509-70   Chemical Industry: Saturated Steam  
24510-47   Chemical & Petrochemical Processing: Crude Oil Refining to Salable Products Production of Petrochemicals  
24510-48   Chemical Industry: Manufacture of Chemical Products Components from Air  
24509-71   Chemical Industry/Power Generation: Steam, Condensate and Feedwater Measurement  
24509-79   Food & Beverage Industry: Grain Alcohol Measurement  
24510-46   Food & Beverage Industry: Steam & Specialty Gases Measurement in Breweries  
24509-88   Gas/Steam Turbine Manufacturing: Gas Flow Measurement  
24509-89   Geothermal Power Industry: Geothermal Steam Flow Measurement  
24510-28   HVAC/Institutional Facility: Chilled Water & Steam Measurement  
24509-83   Metals & Mining Industry: Mineral Solution Flow Measurement  
24509-84   Metals & Mining Industry: Saturated Steam Flow Measurement  
24509-81   Metals & Mining Industry: Steel Mill Coke Oven Gas Measurement  
24509-82   Metals & Mining Industry: Steel Mill Exhaust Gas Measurement  
24509-69   Oil & Gas Industry: Hot Air Application in an Oil Refinery  
24508-23   Oil & Gas Industry: Offshore Production Platforms  
24509-67   Oil & Gas Industry: Oil & Gas Compressor Control  
24509-66   Oil & Gas Industry: Oil & Gas Production Test Separator  
24509-72   Oil & Gas Industry: Steam Custody Transfer  
24509-85   Power Generation Industry: Digester Gas Flow to Co-Gen Plant  
24509-86   Power Generation Industry: Exhaust Gas Flow Measurement  
24509-87   Power Generation Industry: Exhaust Gas Flow Measurement  
24509-73   Water & Wastewater Industry: Digester Gas Measurement  
24509-74   Water & Wastewater Industry: Natural Gas Measurement  
24509-75   Water & Wastewater Industry: Reservoir Raw Water Measurement  
24509-77   Water & Wastewater Industry: Water Treatment Plant  
24509-76   Water & Wastewater Industry: Water Well Measurement Effluent Measurement
 

Suggested Specifications
24508-01   V-Cone Primary Element Specification  
24508-32   V-Cone Primary Element Specification for Air Applications  
24508-32   V-Cone Primary Element Specification for Air Applications  
24508-34   V-Cone Primary Element Specification for Gas Applications  
24508-34   V-Cone Primary Element Specification for Gas Applications  
24508-33   V-Cone Primary Element Specification for Steam Applications  
24508-33   V-Cone Primary Element Specification for Steam Applications  
24508-35   V-Cone Primary Element Specification for Water Applications  
24508-35   V-Cone Primary Element Specification for Water Applications  
24508-50   Differential Pressure Flowmeter Specification (non-proprietary)  
24508-50   Differential Pressure Flowmeter Specification (non-proprietary)  

Further published articles and  independant reports are available on the McCrometer website.