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ICEweb has nearly 100 Control, Instrumentation, Fire & Gas, Safety Instrumented Systems core pages and a total of more than 300 pages - It Really is Cool Engineering - By Engineers for Engineers it must be just about the World's first choice for Technical Information. |
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Whilst every effort is made to ensure technical accuracy of the information supplied on iceweb.com.au, Keyfleet Pty Ltd and its employees accept no liability for any loss or damage caused by error or omission from the data supplied. Users should make and rely on their own independent inquiries. By accessing the site users accept this condition. Should you note any error/omission or an article offends please do not ignore it, contact the webmaster and we will review, rectify and remove as necessary. We welcome contributions from individuals or corporations. However, it must be highlighted that the technical information is posted on a non-commercial basis and thus commercial references are not permitted. We will publish an acknowledgement or the information's source. Commercial links can be supported by sponsoring the technical page, or having a link from the 'Suppliers' Icon on the Technical Information Page.
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Select an Alphabetical Region for your Subject
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Accelerometers- Technical papers about measuring vibration, shock or pressure plus AC and DC signal conditioning equipment - you will have to log on but it will be worth the effort (From Endevco - www.endevco.co)
Acronyms for Engineers- A comprehensive list of some 900+ of those "dreaded" acronyms.
Acronyms - from Ireland's great readout magazine.
Bursting Disks- a full page of links
Cables-IEEE 1242 Specifying and Selecting Cable for Petrochemical Plants a Guide -By Donald A Voltz and Joseph H Snow, this is a really excellent technical paper from Mustang Engineering
Cables - Best Practices for Process Instrumentation Cabling - Connectivity glues the network together; Cabling, grounding, cable routing, and the mitigation of noise and interference - Saeed M. AL-Abeediah - The health and effectiveness of any plant’s Process Automation System (PAS) relies on many factors. Among these factors is the proper selection of PAS components, seamless integration, control schemes, control system installation, and last but not least, proper electrical installation and connectivity of field instrumentation devices. This last factor, which glues the entire PAS system together, involves cabling, grounding, cable routing, and mitigation of external influences such as noise and interference. Thanks to the ISA and InTech.
2.13
Cable Glands Why
Should You Specify Cable Glands? - How often have we heard:- "We
don't specify Cable Glands, as long as they have the relevant certification then
it must be fit for purpose. We leave it to contractor to sort out. We are too
busy concentrating on the high value, long lead time items to bother about such
an insignificant value product. In a recent paper presented at the Hazard Ex
conference by a Senior Manager of CENELEC Standards Inspections, it was stated,
"Resources should be directed at eliminating the following common faults;
Unauthorised modifications, badly made-off or unsuitable cable entry devices and
Corrosion.
Calculator - A super calculator for when you don't have one available
Calculators and
Conversions
Martindale's Reference Desk Calculators On-Line Center
site has the lot...a little complex in its navigation however.
Calibration and Testing - ICEweb dedicated page full of information on calibration and Testing thanks to sponsor Zedflo Australia.
Classification of Hazardous Areas Technical Information page - including design, classification, installation and maintenance information.
Common Fluropolymer Comparison Chart (Supplied by Swagelok)
Control Engineering Terminology and Symbols (Samson Controls Pty Ltd) - Planning, design and start-up of process control systems require clear and unambiguous communication between all parts involved. To ensure this, we need a clear definition of the terms used and . as far as the documentation is concerned . standardized graphical symbols. These symbols help us represent control systems or measurement and control tasks as well as their device-related solution in a simple and clear manner.
Control Valves - ICEweb's Comprehensive Control Valve Technical Information Page covers Selection and Design, Cavitation and Flashing in Control Valves, Control Valve Actuators, Butterfly Control Valves, Control Valve Sizing, Split Range Control Valves, Control Valve Applications, Control Valve Noise Calculation and Prediction, Control Valve Maintenance, Control Valve Positioners and Self Operated Regulators
Conversions from joshmadison.com
Corrosion- Look at ICEweb's Corrosion Page for links to loads of information
Cylinder- Air Consumption calculations (From Cole Parmer)
Electrical Information from Valhalla Scientific - Includes Fundamentals of Power Measurement, Power related Topics and Parameters, Motor and Generator application notes, Transformer application notes and Benefits of power analysis on product reliability.
Electrical
Information
Including Cenelec and IEC hazardous Area Information, North
American Hazardous locations, IP code information and Abbreviations,
Acronyms and Definitions-From Hawke International
Electrical Lighting - How much does it cost you to change a light globe? - Do you want to dramatically reduce your lighting maintenance costs and reduce your risk hazards? Lighting maintenance is a necessity and often an expensive job in the industrial work place today. The costs involved are usually high due to the positioning of light fittings. This no longer needs to be the case. The installation of an In2 Light Hatch® will dramatically reduce the costs involved in changing light globes on industrial work sites.
Exd
Immersion heaters
Over the years it has been difficult to source Exd
Certified immersion heaters and often this has led to a certification nightmare
for those engineers responsible for the associated equipment packages. These IEC
certified heaters may provide the solution
Ex Hazardous Area Technical Information page ,including design, classification, installation and maintenance information. Loads of great technical information here.
Electronics Basics (ePanorama.net)
Electronic /Electrical terms and definitions-Looking for an electronic or electrical term and its definition? Electropedia is the world's leading online electrical and electronic database containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions in English and French organized by subject area, with equivalent terms in German and Spanish. This is a terrific resource thanks to the IEC.
Fibre Optic Cables- The Basics - An excellent tutorial from ARC Electronics
2.13
ICEweb's Fieldbus Pages -
Foundation
Fieldbus - Foundation
technology is the world's leading digital protocol for process automation. It
provides end users with the "Freedom to Choose" best-in-class,
interoperable control products from their suppliers of choice, and the
"Power to Integrate" control systems, subsystems and devices across
the plant enterprise. The result is improved plant performance-and greater
business results.
CANopen-
CANopen is a CAN-based higher layer protocol. It was developed as a standardized
embedded network with highly flexible configuration capabilities. CANopen was
designed for motion-oriented machine control networks, such as handling systems.
By now it is used in many various fields, such as medical equipment, off-road
vehicles, maritime electronics, public transportation, building automation, etc.
HART
- The HART Protocol was developed in the mid-1980s by Rosemount Inc. for use
with a range of smart measuring instruments. Originally proprietary, the
protocol was soon published for free use by anyone, and in 1990 the HART User
Group was formed. In 1993, the registered trademark and all rights in the
protocol were transferred to the HART Communication Foundation (HCF). The
protocol remains open and free for all to use without royalties. This technical
section focuses on providing information that is relevant to the various aspects
of the HART Protocol. We will discuss what it is, how it works, and the benefits
of using the HART Protocol.
Industrial
Ethernet
Industrial Ethernet offers significant advantages including;
- Integrated communication from the machine to the office
- No gateways required at transition from field level to office
- Remote diagnostics and monitoring through Internet connection
- Advantageous assignment of stations using virtual private networks (VPNs)
MODBUS
- MODBUS is the most popular industrial protocol being used today, for good
reasons. It is simple, inexpensive, universal and easy to use. Even though
MODBUS has been around for nearly 30 years, almost all major industrial
instrumentation and automation equipment vendors continue to support it in new
products.
Profibus
- Utilizing a single, standardized, application-independent communication
protocol, PROFIBUS supports fieldbus solutions both in factory and process
automation as well as in motion control and safety-related tasks.
Fire & Blast Information Group (FABIG)
2.13
ICEweb's
Comprehensive Fire Detection Page - Links on CCTV Techniques, Detector
Selection, Fire and Flame Detection, Fire Detector Maintenance, Fire Systems
Integrity Assurance, Eliminating False Fire Alarms, Oil Mist Detectors, Smoke
Detectors and Lots More!
ICEweb's Fire Protection Page - Covers Fire Protection including Carbon Dioxide, Water Mist, Inergen and More!
Fittings - NPT thread Tolerances (Supplied by Swagelok-www.swagelok.com)
2.13
Flare
Pilot System Safety - John Bellovich, Jim Franklin, and
Bob Schwartz - One of the
worst nightmares a plant manager can experience is
a complete flare system outage. The flare system is
the last line of defense for many refining and petrochemical
facilities and, when out of commission, can cause
the shutdown of the entire facility. Flare ignition
failure may lead to unburned venting of dangerous gases,
and may develop into an explosive hazard leading to
the loss of property and equipment, or worse,
injury to personnel or loss of life. The safety and effectiveness
of flaring are dependent upon one or more continuously
burning pilots for immediate and sustained ignition
of gases exiting a flare burner. Because pilot
failure can compromise safety and effectiveness, it should
be detected quickly and accurately to allow prompt
automatic and/or operator response. Proper disposal
of process and waste gases during routine and/or
emergency conditions is crucial to help operating facilities
protect plant employees and the surrounding community,
and to avoid hundreds of thousands of dollars in
fines. These reasons alone make the pilot monitoring
and ignition system the most important component of
any flare system. The advanced flare pilot systems
explained in this article offer increased protection
from harsh environmental conditions and rapid
notice of pilot flame failure. Recently published industry
standards for flare pilot design and performance are
also discussed - from John Zinc Company.
2.13
Install
Electronic Flare Ignition Devices - This technology
replaces the intermittently or continuously burning flare pilots with electrical
sparking pilots similar to a modern gas stove. These sparking pilots require low
electrical power that can be supplied from a battery with solar recharge in
remote sites. In addition to using electronic flare ignition devices for pilots,
facilities may also install sensors to detect the pilot sensors to detect the
pilot flame and shut off fuel gas if the pilot is extinguished - from EPA.
2.13
Developments
in the Field of Electronic Ignition Flaring Systems
- With the developments in chemistry and petrochemistry on one hand, and
concern for the environment on the other, more and more requirements are being
set for the emission of flaring systems. Flaring systems have undergone
considerable development, from a pipe with a perpetual flame to a well
thought-out combustion system with pilot flame burners, purge gas, steam
injection and automatic ignition - from Smitsvonk Holland BV.
Flow Metering |
All articles kindly |
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New Developments in Metering Technology | |
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Recent Experience on Implementation of New Techniques of Gas Metering | |
Multiphase Metering |
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Multiphase Metering - The Challenge of Implementation | |
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High-performance Multiphase Metering - A Personal Perspective | |
Flowmeters Selection Part 1 and Part 2 (Great Info from Cole Parmer)
Flow Measurement information Notes (INX Inc)
Flow-Water Measurement Manual (US Government Water Resource Research Laboratory)
Fluid Fundamentals (Cole Parmer)
Fuzzy Logic - All you wish to know on this ICEweb page
ICEweb's Comprehensive HART Communications Protocol Page
Reading HART Data into Non-HART Systems - Many HART products are able to perform more than one measurement or output function (e.g., make multiple process measurements, calculate process information, and provide positioner feedback information). All of this information can be easily accessed digitally. However, existing controllers or interface equipment may not have the ability to read digital HART data. Products are available that can read HART digital signals and convert them to analog (4-20mA) and alarm trip (contact closure) information, which enables any traditional analog control system to take full advantage of the benefits of HART- communicating devices. From our valued sponsor Moore Industries-Pacific, Inc.
Humidity
Analysers (PDF, compressed)
Product quality improvement with correct moisture
measurement in thermal processes using electrolytic
hygrometers.
From Able
Instruments
Humidity
(PDF, compressed)
Theory and Information of Condensation Chilled Mirror
Hygrometers (some good humidity definitions)- From Able
Instruments.
Humidity
Sensors for Industrial Applications
(Able Instruments and Controls Ltd)
ICEweb's Instrument Signal Conditioners, Transmitters, Transducers, Isolators and Converters page is just full of information on these subjects.
Instrument Air Receivers - Warning on Air Receivers - WorkSafe Victoria has released new guidance focussing on the safety risks associated with air receivers - a type of pressure vessel used to store compressed air for large demands greater than a compressor's capacity. WorkSafe director Ross Pilkington says air receivers have the potential to seriously hurt people and damage property if they were not properly installed or maintained. There have been serious incidents involving air receivers exploding in Victorian workplaces - and it has only been good luck that no one was working near them at the time. Employers with air receivers must ensure they are properly maintained to reduce the risk of explosion or fire. The handbook 'Working safely with air receivers' is aimed at improving awareness of the risks associated with air receivers, and explaining ways to eliminate and reduce those risks.
Instrumentation Terminology
- Glossary of Terms - from Instrumentation World
Instrument and
Control Technical Information
- Some great information on individual topics about the basics of control
engineering, self-operated regulators, control valves, communication as well as
building and process automation - from Samson Controls.
Lightning and Surge Protection Page- Lots of technical information links on this fascinating subject
Manufacturing and Automation Safety -A full page of Technical information.
Fibre Optic Sensors for Measurement of Flow, Level, Pressure, Stain, Temperature and Vibration - from Davison Instruments
A Beginner’s Guide to Measurement - This 30 page Beginner’s Guide from the National Physical Laboratory explains the fundamental concepts and basic facts about measurement, and in particular accurate measurement. It includes brief accounts of the role of measurement in modern and historical societies and explains the SI system, its base units and their relation to other units. The various organisations involved in measurement are introduced and their roles in linking all measurements to the SI base units through traceability chains explained. It includes general guidance about practical issues that affect the making of measurements, gives the meanings of key measurement terms, and explains the significance of such fundamental concepts as measurement traceability and calibration.
NPT Thread Tolerances - thanks to Engineers Edge.
Ohms Law - from the Electronics Club.
Ohm's Law, Online Calculator - from Ohm's Law Calculator
Oil in Water Analysers |
The need for an in-line oil-in-water monitor - kindly provided by Andy Jamieson |
Power Meter- Get to know your Power Meter - What is Real, Apparent and Reactive Power - This useful article from chipkin.com discusses some of the traps to avoid.
Preliminary Engineering (INX Inc)
Pressure and Temperature Calibration Information Notes (INX Inc)
Pressure Unit Conversion - Look up conversion factors or select a conversion table for a particular pressure unit
Pressure Measurement and Instrumentation - This ICEweb page contains comprehensive Pressure Technical Information and covers theory, safety tips, pressure conversions, pressure measurement and instrumentation, pressure transmitters/sensors, differential pressure and lots more!
Pressure- Relationship with elevation (Cole Parmer)
Pressure Terms (Cole Parmer)
ICEweb's Pressure Relief Valves Page - This is a comprehensive page with links to a huge vault of Pressure Relief Valve Information.
Pump Curve- Ever needed to know how to read a curve? (Cole Parmer)
Pumps - Lots of Information from Cole Parmer
Guide
to Low Resistance Measurement - Understanding and Measuring Low
Resistance
- Understand the rationale behind low resistance testing.
- Understand how to make a low resistance measurement.
- Understand how to select the proper instrument for the testing application.
- Understand how to interpret and use the results.
From Techrentals
Resistors - Beer and Vodka can help you Select a Terminating Resistor - Covers Resistor Colour Codes, How to buy resistors, How to make a resistance value even if you don't have the correct resistor in your toolbox and Resistor colour codes for 4 and 5 band resistors - from chipkin.com
Resistor Colour Codes - from Ohms Law Calculator
2.13 Resistor
Colour Code Calculator - This calculator displays the
value, the tolerance and performs a simple check to verify if the calculated
resistance matches one of the EIA standard values - from Hobby-Hour.com
Rupture Disks- a full page of links
RS485 on a Scope Using an Oscilloscope on a RS485 Network - For reference purposes here are some scope captures of a typical RS485 line - from chipkin.com
Safety Relief Valves-a full page of links
Security - ICEweb's Control System Security page has many technical articles and white papers on this subject.
Cutting costs using self-operated regulators
Mr Wolfgang Hesse, Technical Sales Department, SAMSON (1.7Mb, zipped .PDF)At the beginning of the last century, the first self-operated regulators were used for simple control tasks
which marked the beginning of process automation. Nowadays, many of us are not aware of the advan-tages,
the design, the principle of operation as well as the limits of this type of technology. In this paper,
Samson's Mr Wolfgang Hesse outlines how cost effective self-operated regulators can be.
Sensors - The basics - from the Sensors Reference Centre
5.12
Sensors
- How to Choose the Right Sensor for Your Measurement System
- You can choose from many different sensors on the market today to measure all
types of natural phenomena. This white paper categorizes and compares the most
common sensors for measuring seven of these phenomena to help you choose the
best option for your application - from National Instruments.
Severe Service Valves - This ICEweb Page includes some great technical information from our sponsors Mokveld along with some other technical specs etc.
Signals - A look at 4 - 20 Milliamp Signals - Arthur Holland, Holland Technical Skills - A good description of 4-20Ma technology - Thanks to Eurotherm.
Signal Isolators, Converters and Interfaces: The "Ins" and "Outs"- Parts 1 and 2 , This primer details how to select and use the correct signal isolator in the correct way to optimize your process. Learn about selecting isolators that share, split, boost, protect, step down, linearize and even digitize process signals- from Moore Industries-Pacific, Inc.
SI Units - from NIST
ICEweb's Surge Protection Page- Lots of technical information links on this fascinating subject.
Supplier Resources and Useful
Tools - This ICEweb page from ICEweb
Sponsor DocBoss
contains technical resources for Instrument, Control and Automation Companies.
It includes links to information on Project Documentation such as;
- Submitals
(Outbound) - DocBoss creates, and tracks all of your document
submittals.
- Transmittals
(Inbound) - Documents returned from the customer are uploaded
immediately to DocBoss as ZIP file or an individual PDF. The system will
automatically connect each document to the correct register entry.
- Record
Books - Record books are often required as part of a document package
and can be extremely time consuming to create.
- Quotation
Tools - When you are preparing a large equipment bid, it is useful to
identify the volume of work required to execute the document approval process.
DocBoss has a full quote generation component, allowing you to define exactly
the document supply included in your proposal.
- Internal
Workflow - Efficient handling of unapproved documents is important to
ensure rapid turnaround.
- Web
Based Software - The application is hosted in the cloud and there is no
software to install or manage. You simply point your web browser to our site,
log in to the account provided and you are online with all of the document
management processes you need.
- Document
Register - A complete overview of your project is available in the
document status window. At any time, a copy of the full document register,
including all of the transmittal history for every document can be supplied to
the customer.
- Document
Library - While many documents are generated in the course of
manufacturing, there are always more general documents required. These include
instruction manuals and procedures controlled in the organization. In DocBoss,
documents that are NOT unique for the project are called Published Documents and
are managed in the document library.
- Integration
- As part of the standard package, DocBoss supports CSV uploads for your order
information. Order data (models and tags) is required to accurately build the
document register, and specific document references. Also included is an
enterprise connector option that allows users to synchronize directly to your
business system.
- Databook
Engine -
Databooks are often a requirement of your document submission package and can be
extremely time consuming to create, especially when there are corrections and
you need to re-do the whole book. Databook Engine is a cloud-based solution that
takes your approved documents and easily generates the final books required for
submittal.
- Email and Work
Management for Businesses and Teams - This useful software prioritizes
workload right within your email, you can see a full transaction history and
also integrate with other business processes.
- Also Included are details of: Bid / Quotation Preparation, Business Process Management,
Document Control, Enterprise Resource Planning, Instrumentation and Control Sales
Engineering, Business Budgeting Tools, Tracking Inventories.
Switches- Some excellent technical links from the Switches Reference Centre
Tapping Point Blockage - Automatic Cleaning tool - see the advantages of this advanced technology on the applications page.
ICEweb's Temperature Instruments and Measurement Page- This comprehensive Technical Information page covers; Basics of Temperature Measurement, Temperature Conversion, Bi-Metallic Principals, Emissivity, Mercury in Steel, Temperature Standards, Selection of a Temperature Transmitter/Sensor, Temperature Sensor Types / Uses / Measurements / Applications, Resistance Thermometers, Radiation/IR Thermometers/Pyrometers (Non Contact Temperature Measurement), Thermocouples, Thermistors, Thermometers, Thermal Imagery, Thermowells, Temperature Scales and Conversions, Temperature Regulators and Temperature Sensor Calibration Resources
Temperature- Traps and Colour Confusion in Thermocouple wiring (Thanks to Arthur Holland, Holland Technical Skills, Oakville, Canada and Eurotherm)
Tubing and Fitting Standards - ICEweb's very useful resource for anyone looking for Instrument Fittings and Tubing.
Controller Tuning - ICEweb's Process Control Systems Page has numerous technical papers and tutorials on this subject.
5.12
Two
Wire Transmitter and the 4 - 20mA Current Loop - First
appearing in the 1950’s with the advent of electrical and electronic controls,
the 4-20mA signal standard reigns as one of
the most popular mediums for signal transmission and electronic control in
industrial environments nearly 60 years
later - from www.automation.com and
Acromag
Imperial Units - tables and conversions.
Imperial Units - With modern man now using the metric system there is sometimes a need to remember what the old units of measurement were, the common and not so common.
Uncertainty, Units - National Institute of Standards and Technology
3.13
Introduction
to Valves - By definition, valves are mechanical devices
specifically designed to direct, start, stop, mix, or regulate the flow,
pressure, or temperature of a process fluid. Valves can be designed to handle
either liquid or gas applications. By nature of their design, function, and
application, valves come in a wide variety of styles, sizes, and pressure
classes. The smallest industrial valves can weigh as little as 1 lb (0.45 kg)
and fit comfortably in the human hand, while the largest can weigh up to 10 tons
(9070 kg) and extend in height to over 24 ft (6.1 m). Industrial process valves
can be used in pipeline sizes from 0.5 in [nominal diameter (DN) 15] to beyond
48 in (DN 1200), although over 90 percent of the valves used in process systems
are installed in piping that is 4 in (DN 100) and smaller in size. Valves can be
used in pressures from vacuum to over 13,000 psi (897 bar). An example of how
process valves can vary in size is shown in Fig. 1.1. Today’s spectrum of
available valves extends from simple water faucets to control valves equipped
with microprocessors, which provide single-loop control of the process. The most
common types in use today are gate, plug, ball, butterfly, check,
pressure-relief, and globe valves. Valves can be manufactured from a number of
materials, with most valves made from steel, iron, plastic, brass, bronze, or a
number of special alloys - from mhprofessional.com.
