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Instrument
Tubing- Technical Data
There is a huge selection of materials to
choose from when selecting instrument tubing. The
selection is dependent on the service, installation
and how long the tubing is required. It is
important that these are considered before making a choice.
The tubing surface is
ESSENTIAL to sealing when using a compression fitting, hence good handling practices
should be used to reduce scratches and protect surface finish. For example dragging tubing across any surface
that could scratch its surface can cause real corrosion and sealing problems. On offshore facilities, scratches may lead to
corrosion of 316SS tubing from salt water pitting.
It is a good idea to
visually inspect instrument tubing to ensure it is free from scratches and other damage. Severe scratches or damage to tubing could affect
the safe installation of the compression fitting. It
is recommended that tubing in poor condition should be disposed of. Finished tubes should be scratch free, reasonably
straight and have smooth ends free of burrs.
When cutting tubing
do not use a hacksaw, the correct tool
is a tube cutter which has a sharp blade.
Using the correct
deburring tool (usually found on the cutter), deburr
both the inside and outside edges of tube ends.
It is recommended
that instrument tubing is cleaned with dry instrument air, however where the service
requires a high level of cleanliness a proprietary cleaning agent should be used.
On hazardous gas
service take care to ensure that the correct wall thickness has been chosen. Gas molecules are small and can migrate through
thinner wall tubing. Contact your tubing
supplier for details.
On applications where
bending is required, a tube bender must be used. Follow
the tube bender manufacturer’s instructions to assure good bends. Either compression or draw type hand benders
should be used for tubing up to 1/2 inches. Above this size hydraulic tools are recommended.
To ensure proper
insertion depth into compression fittings minimum straight lengths of tubing are needed. The following information may be used as a
reference for the bending radius and for the minimum straight length before the bend
for proper installation.
· If the tubing O.D. is 1/2 inches or less, provide
at least 25mm straight length.
· If the tubing O.D. is greater than 1/2 inches
provide at least 50mm straight length.
If the straight length is not possible, an
elbow should be used.
Compression fittings
are supplied assembled. The fitting, pipe
thread and general appearance should be inspected visually before use. It is recommended that fittings are not
disassembled. Always ensure that the tubing
material is softer than the fitting.
q If practical, it is recommended that instrument process impulse lines
are installed in the vertical plane. Horizontal
impulse lines are generally run with a slope of not less than one in twelve between the
process connection and the instrument. Slope
should be down from the tapping points for liquids and up for gases.
q For reasons of accessibility offset and stagger tube unions wherever
practicable.
q Tube fittings must not be used to support instruments, which should be
independently mounted.
q It is recommended that any Weld splatter on stainless tubing be
removed. In severe cases, the tubing must be
replaced.
q It is a good idea to ensure all instrument impulse lines are as short
as possible. For lengths up to approximately
1m tubing is self-supporting, however for longer lengths it is recommended that the tubing
be supported at approximately 1m intervals.
q The number of joints in the impulse line should be kept to a minimum. Process and utility piping must not be used for
supporting instrumentation piping or tubing.
q Tubing should be adequately supported and braced. It is suggested that support fixing distances not
exceed the following:
| Outside Diameter |
Distance |
| 1/4 inch OD |
Continuously Supported |
| 1/2 inch OD |
1.0m |
| 3/4 inch OD |
1.5m |
| 1 inch OD |
2.0m |
q It is recommended that three or more tubes run in parallel are
supported in steel angle or channel, or on cable tray or ladder with appropriate
insulation.
q To avoid the possibility of corrosion, it is recommended that stainless
steel tube and/or fittings (316, duplex or otherwise) is NOT be in direct contact or
located directly under Zinc coated or galvanised components.
q Electrically non-conductive tubing clamps are available. These isolate
tubing from its supports,
It is suggested that
impulse lines for instruments shall be arranged to avoid:-
· Movement through thermal expansion.
· Mechanical damage from impact.
When tube vibration
is a problem, due to the closeness of machinery, process pressure changes or other
excitation, it is recommended:
· Tubing is clamped to the monoflange, process take-off or process line
using a suitable clamp with the minimum span between the compression fitting and the
clamp.
· A vibration loop (pigtail) is installed in the tube span between the
process line and any independent structure used to support the tube. The orientation of the loop should be chosen with
due regard to the probable relative motion between the connections.
· The vibration loop crossover has a minimum clearance of 2 x tube OD to
prevent fretting of the tube.
There are several
instrument tube welders on the market, they
are excellent for hazardous gas applications. These
units provide consistent high quality welds when operated correctly.
Ensure that extremely soft plastic tubing is
used with an insert. Never use metal ferrules
on plastic tubing.
It is strongly recommended that
any personnel associated with the installation of tube fittings and tubing attend the
excellent vendor courses that are Internationally available. Tubing and fittings may look easy, however they
are complex, precision items which require fully competent personnel to install them- we
suggest that individuals and companies take ICEweb advice and attend a course.
Links
http://www.hoke.com/
-
some great
information here.
Hoke Gyrolok® Tubing Data Charts - These charts are very useful and contain information on design, type of tubing, tubing preparation, calculating Yield, Burst, and Maximum Allowable Working Pressures, Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Material at Various Temperatures, Stainless Steel Calculation Factor Tables, Maximum Working/Burst Pressures and Tubing Tolerances
Technical Information
Great
technical information from our sponsors PROCHEM
PIPELINE PRODUCTS
Axiswage
- Setting the standard for fluid and
gas connectors with its newest line of Tube- Mac
AXISWAGE® NPS, OD, JIS and Metric fittings. The AXISWAGE® system is available
in Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel and Copper Nickel. Other exotic materials
such as Super Duplex Stainless Steel and Titanium are available per application.
Make the connection that is simple, consistent, and reliable and only
takes minutes to complete. Tube-Mac AXISWAGE® has an innovative and convenient
design. AXISWAGE® is the permanent, leak tight, metal-to-metal connection
that you have been waiting for.
Ball Valves
- Full Bore 2-piece threaded valves allowing
straight-through flow. Virtually no head
loss and a superior performer with mildly
abrasive as well as corrosive fluids. Ideal for in-line control
of process fluids.
Branch Fittings - Details on a
range of Buttweld, Socketweld, Threaded and Flanged
reinforced branch fittings from 8 (1⁄4") NB upwards.
BSP Fittings - Prochem manufactures a
complete range (from 6 (1⁄8") - 100 (4") NB) of BSP tapered,
BSP parallel and BSP fastening and sealing threads for a variety of applications,
in class 150 and 3000. All our BSP threaded fittings are checked
with calibrated gauges during manufacture. Each batch
is further confirmed as being in compliance with the international
standard and before they are released into
the market, all products undergo a final visual and
dimensional inspection by thread profiling.
Bu Tech High Pressure Components - System
components are available in every imaginable alloy to handle pressures form
vacuum to 150,000 PSI (10,000 bar) in tube and pipe sizes from 1/8" to
1" and temperatures from -423°F (-253°C) to
over 1200°F (649°C). Suitable for extreme application
of erosive or corrosive solids, liquids or gases.
Buttweld
Fittings - Concentric and eccentric
reducers, equal and reducing tees, 45° and 90°
elbows, buttweld caps and stub ends, are all part
of the comprehensive range of buttweld fittings
carried by Prochem.
Classic_Fillters
- These filters are suitable for
a variety of gas and liquid applications and are used in a
wide range of industries around the world. The
disposable microfibre filter elements are extremely efficient
as well as being low cost. There are a number of benefits
with this type of element and they offer high flow rates
with very low pressure drops.
Conversion Chart - Some useful conversions
Duplex
Stainless Steels - Duplex
Stainless Steels are unlike the 300 (Austenitic) and 400
(Ferritic) series of stainless steels in that they have a structure
consisting of approximately equal amounts of both
ferrite and austenite. Therefore, they are often referred
to as ferritic-austenitic stainless steels. With a
chromium content ranging from 18 to 28 percent, they
have improved passivity compared to standard grades.
The nickel content ranges from 4.5 to 8 percent which
is insufficient to promote a complete austenitic crystal
structure, hence the mixed ferrite-austenite
structure. Most grades contain molybdenum in the
range of 2.5 to 4 percent plus small amounts
of nitrogen – enhancing both strength
and pitting resistance.
Flanges
- A flange is designed to connect sections
of pipe, or to join a pipe to an assembly such as a pressure vessel, valve
or pump. Flanges are joined by bolting, and sealing is
completed with the use of gaskets, and fixed to the piping system
by welding or threading.
JIC
Fittings - JIC Fittings and
Adaptors provide a straightforward, positive,
mechanical seal. They have been used for many years for reliable
sealing in commercial, industrial and military applications. They are proven to
supply dependable, reusable connections under a
wide range of operating conditions including
extremes of vibration, temperature and shock.
Heat
Exchanger, Condensor & Boiling Tubes - Useful
technical datasheet
Hygienic
and Tube - Prochem is well established as
a supplier to the food industry. A
comprehensive range of BSM, Tri-clover and buttweld
fittings and valves are available throughout Australia,
complete with welded and annealed polished tubes
to suit.
Indent Service - As well as stocking stainless
steel pipes, tube, flanges, valves, and
fittings which are among the best in the world, and importing complimentary
products of equal quality, Prochem offers a highly efficient international
indenting facility as part of its package of services.
3.10King
Instrument Company - King
Instrument Company offers a comprehensive line of variable
area flow metres including acrylic, polysulfone, glass
and metal tube metres. Optional alarms and 4-20 mA transmitter
available on selected models. See more technical information on ICEweb's
Flow page.
Manual
Sample Systems - Due to the growing
complexity of the industrial processes in general and more
specific for processes in the (petro)chemical and pharmaceutical industries,
the need for tests and analyses increases continuously. The
need for representative samples plays a critical role in ensuring product
verification. Yet sampling directly from the process often includes the
risk of exposure to the operator, as well as contamination and pollution
to the environment. The Manual Sample Systems method reduces
such risks with its patented design and simple method of operation.
NPT
Fittings - NPT fittings are designed for
high-pressure (class 3000 - class 6000) applications,
and have a distinctive profile for maximum strength. All
NPT products are checked with calibrated gauges
during the manufacturing process and each batch is further confirmed
as being in compliance with the international thread standard. Before
they are released into the market, each item is subject to a final visual
and dimensional inspection by thread profiling.
Materials used comply with ASTM A403 or
A182.
O'Brien
Tracepak - The economical choice to
field fabrication - Maintenance free TRACEPAK not
only saves money and time during the
installation process, but it ensures consistent,
repeatable performance. Field fabrication requires
a pipe fitter to lay out, measure, cut, dress, bend
and install the tubing. Next the tracer (steam or
electric) has to be installed and insulation put on
the tubing. Finally, a weatherproof covering needs
to be applied over the insulation. Clearly the
economics of the TRACEPAK system versus field
fabrication are significant.
O'Brien
Analytical - TrueTube is a family of tubing products
developed to provide best-of-breed performance in sample transport for process
and emissions analyzers. O’Brien Analytical starts with select grade tubing
and enhances its physical characteristics to improve dry-down, adsorption and
corrosion resistance. This is achieved by controlling surface roughness,
cleanliness, surface chemistry and reactive contaminants.
Offshore Oil and Gas Speciality Valves - Pacson Valves - These are high integrity valves specifically designed for the Oil and Gas Industry.
Offshore Oil and Gas Speciality Valves - ATC Actuators - The heart of the ATC actuator design is the revolutionary torque conversion mechanism combined with the integrated actuator spring. The simple operating principle offers a combination of high efficiency and small displacement, thereby creating greater design flexibility and improved reliability. This design flexibility, combined with the innovative integration of all actuator parts, results in the most compact actuator available in the market. In virtually all applications, irrespective of hydraulic or pneumatic supply, the ATC actuator diameter is smaller than the Face-to-Face dimension of the valve.
Specialist
Valving Solutions - BSM - Hard to obtain valves
need specialist engineering. These valves are manufactured in a wide
range of exotic materials to tight specifications..
Pipe
and Tube - Lots of very useful information here including
descriptions on seamless and welded, common pipe and tube terms, manufacturing
methods, nominal working pressures, pipe dimensions and weights, tube weights
and working pressures.
Prochem
Customised Manufacturing - Prochem's manufacturing base
includes pipe fittings in Exotic materials and Special Stainless Steels.
Pyplok
- Now you can have the benefits of a welded
joint, but without the hazards of hot work, using
the Tube-Mac PYPLOK® DM and DP40 Series. It’s
not only a permanent system, it goes on cold. This
means all of the risks and requirements associated “with hot work”
are avoided.
Saflok
Couplers, Y-type Strainer and Swing Check Valves -
Saflok Quick Coupler prevents accidental disconnection - Saflok
improves coupling safety in the transportation of
high value and high-risk liquid chemicals. It
prevents accidental disconnection or disaster that
might occur due to the negligence of human
operation or the accidental opening due to natural
abrasion of the metal locking cam face.
Selection
of Materials - This very useful table gives the
composition of the various materials used such as 304SS and 316SS etc.
Socketweld
Fittings - Prochem manufactures and
supplies an extensive range of the highest quality
Socketweld fittings, all thoroughly inspected to
ensure complete dimensional compatibility with the
requirements of the ASME B16.11 manufacturing
standards
3.10 Steel
Terms and Definitions - A very useful table full of terms
and descriptions.
Stainless
Steel Tube - Covering Seamless Stainless Steel Tube in
Duplex, Monel, PVC sheathed copper tube and exotic metals. This technical
article includes important subjects such as Ferrule
hardness, 2.5% Minimum Molybdenum, Pickled & Passivated vs. Bright Annealed
Tubing along with weights and working pressures
Stainless
Steel Tube, Saddles and Leak Check - Fabricated
from the highest quality 316 marine grade stainless
steel, these saddles are specifically designed for corrosive
environments such as the marine, petrochemical, food
processing and chemical industries.
Swage
and Pipe Nipples and S/S Shim - Prochem
manufactures, stocks and supplies a range of plain, bevelled and threaded
concentric and eccentric swage nipples, from 8
(1⁄4") NB through to 100 (4") NB, with other
sizes available on request. All swage nipples are either manufactured from
seamless pipe or bar material and have an available
working pressure equivavlent to straight seamless
pipe. These fittings are available in ASTM A403
WP316/316L or 304/304L materials with other
materials available on request.
Teflon
Lined Braided Hoses - Prochem
Smooth Bore Hose of Teflon® is specified in many of
the most difficult applications in industry. The extruded tube
has excellent flex life, high temperature resistance and chemical
resistance. Additionally, since teflon is steam
compatible and non- adhesive, Prochem hose is an excellent choice in applications
requiring steam cleaning of an assembly used in the
transfer of a highly viscous media, such as adhesives,paints or food products.
Useful
Facts About Stainless Steel - This technical data
sheet is full of useful facts and information about stainless steel.
10,000psi
Fittings Specification - This specification covers 10,000
PSI working pressure screwed pipe fittings and covers subjects such as
standards, materials, design criteria, threads and tolerances, Marking and
Certification.
Other Links
The following technical link is available via Swagelok